Introduction to 12 Schedule List
12 Schedules of Indian Constitution GK: The Government of India Act, 1935, which contained 10 Schedules, was one of the earliest regulations to mention schedules. Eight Schedules made up the Indian Constitution when it was eventually enacted in 1949. There are now 12 Schedules in the Indian Constitution due to amendments.
The Communist Movement pioneer M.N. Roy introduced the idea of having a Constitution. Later, in 1935, the Indian National Congress demanded a Constituent Assembly to draft India’s Constitution. It now comprises a preamble, 25 parts with 448 articles, 12 schedules, 5 appendices, and 106 amendments by 2023. Here are brief details about the twelve schedules.
This article discusses the key points and GK of the 12 Schedule of the Indian Constitution. These important points and notes are useful for aspirants preparing for various competitive government job exams (UPSC, SSC) and NCERT students.
List of 12 schedules
| Schedule | Subject | Articles | Importance/Key Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| First | States and Territories of India | 1, 4 | # It includes the name of States and Union Territories, # Territorial Jurisdiction & extent. (Now 28 states and 8 UTs) |
| Second | Specifies the salaries, allowances, and privileges of various officials. | 59, 65, 75, 97, 125, 148, 158, 164, 186, 221 | It covers details of the benefits, salaries, and privileges of – # President, Vice President of India, # Governors of states & UTs, # Judges of supreme court & High Court, # Comptroller and Auditor General, # Speaker & Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha, Legislative Assemblies # Chairman & Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha, Legislative Councils |
| Third | Forms of Oaths and Affirmations | 75, 84, 99, 124, 146, 173, 188, 219 | Form of oath or affirmation of secrecy for – # a Minister for the Union # a candidate for election to Parliament # a member of Parliament # the Judges of the Supreme Court # the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India # for a Minister for a State # a candidate for election to the Legislature of a State # a member of the Legislature of a State # The Judges of a High Court |
| Fourth | Allocation of seats in the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) | 4(1), 80(2) | # A total of 233 seats were allocated in the State and Union territory |
| Fifth | e Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes | 244(1), 275(1) | # Declaration of Scheduled Areas by the President. # The executive power of a state extends to its Scheduled Areas, with the Governor reporting to the President directing the State’s administration. # A Tribes Advisory Council is required in Scheduled Areas for welfare and advancement of Scheduled tribes in the state. # The Governor is authorized to establish regulations for the peaceful and effective administration of a Scheduled Area after consulting the Tribes Advisory Council. |
| Sixth | Provisions for Administration of Tribal Areas in States | 244A | # Addresses the specific needs and administration of tribal areas in these four northeastern states Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram. |
| Seventh | List of States and Union Territories | 246 | # Union list (for central government): 100 subjects (originally 97). # States list (power of State Government): 61 subjects (originally 66) # Concurrent list (Both Union and States): 52 subjects (originally 47) |
| Eighth | Official Languages | 344, 351 | # Initially, 22 languages included (1) Assamese, (2) Bengali, (3) Gujarati, (4) Hindi, (5) Kannada, (6) Kashmiri, (7) Konkani, (8) Malayalam, (9) Manipuri, (10) Marathi, (11) Nepali, (12) Oriya, (13) Punjabi, (14) Sanskrit, (15) Sindhi, (16) Tamil, (17) Telugu, (18) Urdu (19) Bodo, (20) Santhali, (21) Maithili and (22) Dogri. # At present, there are 38 languages. Sindhi was added in 1967 by the 21st Amendment. # Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were added in 1992 by the 71st Amendment. # Santhali, Maithili, Bodo and Dogri were added in 2003 by the 92nd Amendment. |
| Ninth | Provisions of central and state laws are unchallengeable to the court. | 31-B | # Added 13 laws (284 currently) by the First Amendment Act of 1951. # New Article 31B was created along with 31A for this. # Agrarian reform, abolishing the Zamindari system. # However, in 2007, the Supreme Court ruled that the laws included in this Schedule after April 24, 1973, are now open to judicial review. |
| Tenth | Provisions as to disqualification on grounds of defection | 102(6A), 190(3A) | # Known as anti-defection law. # Enacted through 52nd Amendment Act, 1985. # Disqualification of Members of Political Parties, Independent and Nominated Members |
| Eleventh | The powers, functions and responsibilities of Panchayats | 243G | # Consists of 29 matters # Included through 73rd Amendment Act of 1992 |
| Twelfth | The powers, functions and responsibilities of Municipalities | 243W | # Consists of 18 matters # Included through 74th Amendment Act of 1992 |
Key Points of 12 Schedules
- In 1935, the Indian Constitution was made more transparent by introducing schedules within the Government of India Act 1935 for the first time.
- Originally, the Indian Constitution had 8 schedules in 1947.
- Now there are 12 schedules of the Indian Constitution.
- Following the first amendment to the Constitution in 1951, the 9th schedule (Land Reform) was inserted.
- The 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1985 adds the 10th schedule (Anti Defection Law) to the constitution.
- 1992 marked the 73rd constitutional amendment, which added the 11th schedule (added Panchayat).
- The 12th schedule (added Municipality) was added to the constitution in 1992 with the 74th amendment.